DNA-Binding Proteins

Regulatory DNA sequences interact with proteins
to exert proper functional control. Regulatory
proteins can recognize specific DNA
sequences because the surface of the proteins
fits precisely onto the DNA surface. Three basic
groups of regulatory DNA sequences can be distinguished:
(1) sequences that establish the
exact beginning of translation; (2) DNA segments
that regulate the end, or termination;
and (3) DNA sequences near the promoter that
have specific effects on gene activity (repressors,
activators, enhancers, and others).